With the exception of using poison, the night pen, guard animal, and lethal controls when needed are the most probable courses for us. I believe some of the goat farmers have also used alpacas (also for making yarn), donkeys and llama as guard animals instead of dogs.
https://articles.extension.org/pages/27 ... or-controlThere are three basic methods of predator control, or a combination of these methods, that have proven effective: guard animals, special fencing and lethal methods of control. Each has its advantages and drawbacks, but they work best in combination. Most goat producers will find that using a guard animal along with good fences will be enough to keep losses under control. Additional details are provided in the following articles. Contact the local extension office to get information for specific needs.
Some implementation of lethal control will be needed at times and in special cases but should be kept to a minimum. This method may include trapping, poisons and hunting. As states may have restrictions on lethal control, it is best to work with law enforcement and/or game and wildlife officials before utilizing this option.
Other producers find that good fencing with night pens, along with lethal controls, works best for them. It is important to look at your situation and make sure the solution fits your farm and location. Again, you must follow the law when utilizing any lethal method of control, so be sure to check before you start.