Belize’s marine conservation success story may be too good to be true

Belize has earned international praise for its ambitious approach to ocean conservation, positioning itself as a small nation tackling the massive challenge of protecting marine ecosystems while supporting local communities that depend on them. The Central American country made headlines in 2021 with a groundbreaking “blue bond” deal that reduced national debt by 12% of GDP while securing $180 million for marine protection over the next two decades. The nation has also committed to legally protecting 30% of its ocean territory, earning applause from environmental donors and media worldwide.

However, a closer look at what’s actually happening beneath the waves tells a more troubling story. Despite these policy victories, Belize’s marine life continues to struggle. The 2024 Mesoamerican Reef report card showed only marginal improvement, maintaining an overall “Poor” rating. Independent studies reveal that the country’s most valuable seafood exports—conch and lobster—are under severe stress, with most fish stocks being harvested at unsustainable levels.

The situation is particularly dire for key species. Groupers and snappers have declined by approximately 60% across the region, with local fishers reporting that large fish have become increasingly rare. Most alarming is the near disappearance of Nassau grouper at Glover’s Reef, despite two decades of fishing closures and protective measures. A 2025 peer-reviewed study warns that this iconic species faces “impending extirpation” from the area.

While Belize’s conservation financing innovations represent genuine progress, the disconnect between policy success and ecological reality raises critical questions about whether these well-intentioned efforts are arriving in time to save the country’s marine treasures.