Australia’s humpback whale population has achieved one of the most remarkable conservation comebacks in recent history. From just a few hundred survivors when commercial whaling was banned in the 1970s, east coast humpback numbers have surged to an estimated 50,000 whales today.

Wildlife scientist Vanessa Pirotta calls this recovery “a good news story that deserves to be celebrated,” noting it could inspire conservation efforts for other struggling whale species like southern right whales and blue whales. The humpback success demonstrates that marine protection measures can work when given time and proper enforcement.

However, this conservation triumph now faces a new threat. Antarctic krill, the tiny crustaceans that serve as the primary food source for humpback whales in Australian waters, are being heavily harvested by industrial fishing operations after recent protections expired. Krill are a keystone species that support not only humpback whales but entire marine ecosystems, including penguins, seals, and countless other ocean creatures.

Pirotta emphasizes that protecting krill populations is crucial for maintaining the whale recovery’s long-term success. “Now we have recovering numbers, we must do more,” she urges, highlighting the need for ongoing vigilance in marine conservation. The challenge ahead involves balancing human activities with the needs of growing whale populations and their food sources. This recovery story serves as both a celebration of what’s possible in conservation and a reminder that protecting marine ecosystems requires continuous, comprehensive efforts across the entire food chain.