Indonesia’s “geothermal island” project stalls as flores communities fight for cultural survival

Indonesia’s ambitious plan to transform Flores into a showcase “geothermal island” has hit a wall of community resistance, highlighting the complex tensions between renewable energy goals and indigenous rights. In 2017, the government identified 21 potential geothermal sites across the rugged island in East Nusa Tenggara province, positioning the project as a cornerstone of the country’s clean energy transition with backing from international lenders.

Eight years later, key geothermal projects remain suspended due to sustained opposition from local Manggarai communities. According to a new study published in Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, residents argue that the renewable energy transition has prioritized development over justice, safety, and cultural preservation. The research reveals an unprecedented case where an entire island was designated for geothermal exploration, with simultaneous development occurring across multiple sites.

The government’s rationale centers on addressing Flores’ energy challenges. Parts of the mountainous island still lack grid access, relying on expensive imported diesel and coal that costs taxpayers nearly $59 million annually in electricity subsidies. Officials argue geothermal power could meet all the island’s energy needs while reducing both costs and pollution.

However, the project’s stagnation underscores a critical lesson in renewable energy development: technological solutions alone cannot succeed without community consent and cultural sensitivity. As countries worldwide pursue clean energy transitions, Flores serves as a cautionary tale about the importance of balancing environmental goals with social justice and indigenous rights.